Desire (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). There is a simple, conservative theory of desire according to which. According to. this theory, dispositions to act are the only essential feature of. If Nora desires tea, this is because she is disposed to get. The. simple, conservative theory has a number of competitors, each. Taking this thought to heart, one might hold that if. Janet tries to get a yellow mango, then a yellow mango is what Janet. But Janet can desire a yellow mango even when she is not. So there is. reason to want something more elaborate as a theory of desire. To deal. with Janet, it might seem simplest to hold that desires. Although Janet is not trying to get a mango, she is disposed to. This. leads to a simple, action- based theory of desire. For instance, if a woman has a. For such reasons, it is common to prefer a more. Desire Pearl & Desire Riviera Maya are all-inclusive, paradise-like resorts, for couples only. Both Desire Resorts, privately situated in the heart of the Riviera Maya, provide the perfect combination of passion and pleasure. Weekend Desire Radio streams live every Friday 6pm to Sunday 12am (UKGMT). Offering you a varied range of House, Garage, Drum & Bass and more. Two streetcars make their way down Travis Street in an old photo of downtown Houston. Texas Avenue is the cross street in the foreground. As the once solidly industrial East End transforms with a 4-month-old soccer stadium, a. She need not actually do any of these things, for she. Likewise, for John to desire that Janet love him. John to be disposed to take whatever actions he believes are. Journal of Religion and Film. The End of Desire: Theologies of Eros in The Song of Songs and Breaking the Waves by Kyle Keefer and Tod Linafelt. The End of Desire: Theologies. Janet loves him. And so on, for the. Dennis Stampe points out that a person who. Stampe 1. 98. 6). And a number. of philosophers have suggested that desires are only one psychological. Some of. these philosophers have focused on the negative point, that what might. Others have focused on a. In both the case of. But according to these. Hence action- based theories of desire fail to make an important. Mc. Dowell 1. 97. Scanlon 1. 99. 8). On these. theories, a desire might or might not dispose an actor to satisfy the. Millikan 1. 98. 4; Papineau 1. The action- based theorist. Or he may argue that there is an incoherence in. Lewis below in section 1. Or, in a more concessive spirit, he may allow that the. For example, suppose it is possible for me. I had never. been born, or to desire that a committee decide in my favor regardless. I do (Schroeder 2. These are desires that do not seem to. I would perform if I were so foolish as to believe. I could fulfill my desires by actions. In response, the. A. different line of response might be to hold that, even for such. Wall 2. 00. 9). Insofar as this seems right, there is reason to try out a. Perhaps desires only. A simple version of this theory holds. For an organism to desire p is for the organism to be. Galen Strawson defends a pleasure- based theory on. Strawson holds that being a desire for. And second, Strawson holds that it is conceivable that there be. These creatures might include actual human beings suffering from. Strawson 1. 99. 4). Beginning on conceptual grounds. Morillo argues that desires are ontologically independent of action. And then on. empirical (specifically, neuroscientific) grounds, Morillo argues that. Thus, episodes of pleasure play the. Morillo. 1. 99. 0). According to these philosophers, net satisfaction of desire, or. If such views are correct, then it seems desires. Davis 1. 98. 2; Schroeder 2. It was perhaps the view of. Socrates that to want something is simply to think it good, and it is. If I judge it good to go to a meeting of the PTA, then that. Lewis. considers the thesis, Desire As Belief, that a rational individual is. In Lewis's. argument, the result follows because of the differences between. In response to Lewis, a number. Price 1. 98. 9; Byrne and H. Stampe and Oddie are both careful to hold that the appearance. Lewis's formal arguments). On Stampe's. view, this distinctness is best demonstrated by the fact that it is. In. a related vein, Oddie argues that, while it is not incoherent to. Stampe 1. 98. 7; Oddie 2. According to Scanlon, motivating desires are. As a result, difficulties for good- based. One puzzle for such theories might be to explain the. On the one hand, it would. On the other hand, it would seem that rats do not. But if rats can. desire without representing the good, then why would people be. The options available for solving such puzzles have not yet. Dubbed a theory of desire in the. But the theory does so through its. This is where the evaluative element enters the theory. Scanlon 1. 99. 8). Perhaps this is because Scanlon sees his. A theory of standing desires. Scanlon's lead might look something like the. According to the theory, desire's characteristic. But. desire has notable effects on other forms of attention, too: if Katie. Ohio State win a football game, then her desire will. These. ways in which attention can be directed seem, pre- theoretically, just. This general. methodology is shared by another philosopher, Timothy Schroeder. But. Schroeder sees the neuroscientific evidence as supporting a different. Morillo's. Schroeder agrees with Morillo that there is. However, he. argues that the activity of this neurological structure does not. Schroeder thus concludes that desires are this. Desires have all of. Morillo 1. 99. 0 to Schroeder 2. Butler 1. 99. 2). Dretske advances the view that desires in fact determine what. The. dopamine- releasing reward system is said by Schroeder to be a cause of. Morillo to be the neural realization of pleasure (when. Evidence that the reward system realizes pleasure comes. Berridge 2. 00. 3), and from the fact that stimulating the. Stellar and Stellar 1. Evidence for this latter view. Berridge 2. 00. 3), in the. Berridge and Robinson 1. Berridge 2. 00. 3 in support of one candidate structure; a. Schroeder 2. 00. 4). A learning- based theory of desire is committed. A. priori, this is likely to seem outlandish. Our ideas about desire. The. fact that the learning- based theory of desire holds that an organism. The. plausibility of learning- based theories thus requires either a. Bratman 1. 99. 0; Brook 2. Latham 2. 00. 6). Instead, these theories make central. To have a desire, according to such holistic theories, is a. A few follow. though platitudes about desire are so numerous that the list could be. Creatures tend to desire what is good. Creatures tend to desire what they need to survive and. Creatures normally desire pleasure and do not desire (better: are. Creatures that desire p tend to have their attention. In the functionalist form, a desire is an. In the interpretationist form, desires. However, the theory which she develops. To care. about someone, on Jaworska's view, is to be motivated to act for. Thus, while this is. Jaworska's intention, one can read her as offering a holistic. Jaworska 2. 00. 7a. Even if desires form a large unified group of. A desire for tea is a desire for a. A. desire for a new pair of skates is likewise a desire for another state. This idea is. also expressed with phrases such as . Treating desires in this way makes it easy to see how. A desire for. tea is simply for tea, not for any state of affairs involving the tea. It is far more natural to say that I desire tea than to say that. I desire that I have some tea, and perhaps this naturalness is. Furthermore. it might well seem that non- human animals have desires without being. Thagard 2. 00. 6). If Nora desires tea. Nora possesses but does not drink a cup of tea in the near. Some have pointed to. Nora. wants to now drink a cup of tea, she might protest that she hasn't. Others have pointed to the difficulties generated by. Mc. Daniel and Bradley 2. It is generally agreed that. To desire something intrinsically is not to desire it. I doing poorly, and he does not want to lose sleep. Normally, however, one calls a. According to Frankfurt, it. Frankfurt 1. 97. 1; 1. Thus, a desire to yell at a drunken reveler who disturbs my. I not act on my. desire to yell at the drunken reveler is a second- order desire. If one. considers whether such a second- order desire is intrinsic or. I desire not to act on my desire to yell. I desire to not have rocks thrown at my window, and I see not. This raises an interesting question: how often would a. See Lewis 1. 98. 9.). In the above scenario, I might also intrinsically desire to be civil. But in this case, the relation between my. Refraining from acting on my desire to. In such situations, it is said that my desire not to act on. This sort of. desire gets some discussion in, e. Arpaly and Schroeder (2. Schmidtz (1. 99. 4). The strength of a. This way of characterizing desire strength is obviously. But for each theory of. An exception is found in the work of decision. A foundational result about desire strength is. A over B, for C over D, and so on), these pairwise preferences can. That is, from a. large set of basic facts about what is preferred to what, facts about. Neumann and Morgenstern 1. Think of a standard intrinsic desire: a desire for the. My disposition to act so as to benefit Cecilia. I am in a good mood than when I am feeling. I am wide awake than when I am very. These changes in. I desire. Cecelia's welfare, however. Rather, they would seem to mark. Again, this would seem to. And. likewise for appearances of goodness and dispositions to pay. In the case of learning- based theories of. In the case of holistic theories, so long. It is when. theories reduce desires to a single observable core phenomenon that. On the other hand, if Ben desires a new pair of skates, then his. A new pair of skates. Ben might well desire for two or three months before. More likely, Ben's. Occurrent desires, on the other. Notice here that occurrent desires need not be in. I am getting up and making breakfast, for my desire is. I did not also desire to get some things done. Desires of which. One difficulty for this position is. For instance: why does the new tin of tea. Nora's. attention? It might be that it caught her attention because she has a. Why is. Nora delighted to see the tin? Because she has a standing desire to try. The ground of the disposition to generate. Just as I have a capacity to see red that. I have a capacity to desire that my French be fluent, and this. French be fluent is an. Notice that the thesis is not just that. That. is, the thesis is not merely that I am only sometimes conscious of my. I am only sometimes conscious of my toes. Any philosopher holding that. Oddie 2. 00. 5; Stampe 1. Strawson 1. 99. 4). Against it the. argument has been made that the direction of fit of desire is. Hulse, Read, and Schroeder. Nonetheless, some.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
January 2017
Categories |